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A 16-year-old needs a kidney biopsy but written consent is needed. Which of the following situations can a written consent be obtained without her parents' acknowledgement?

Explanation

•The patient is an emancipated minor. To be an emancipated minor, the patient must be under 18 years old and be considered an adult.

•To be considered an adult, the patient needs to meet one of the following criteria: graduated high school, married, or living independently.

•The other answer choices have no effect on the patients legal ability to sign an informed consent document.

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