A nauseated patient has been prescribed promethazine. Which of the following side effects should the nurse be alert for?
Explanation
•Promethazine is a phenothiazine antiemetic that blocks the effects of histamine by inhibiting receptors in the medulla. It is used for the treatment and prevention of nausea, some allergic conditions, and motion sickness. Phenothiazines are a class of medications known for effects on the CNS, autonomic nervous system, and extrapyramidal system. Side effects may include confusion, blurred vision, drowsiness, dry mouth, tinnitis, and constipation. Adverse effects include extrapyramidal side effects (EPSEs) which manifest as bizarre and severe muscle contractions - including tardive dyskinesia, dystonia, and akathisia.
•Phenothiazines are a class of medications known for effects on the CNS, autonomic nervous system, and extrapyramidal system. Side effects may include confusion, blurred vision, drowsiness, dry mouth, tinnitus, and constipation. Adverse effects include extrapyramidal side effects (EPSEs) which manifest as bizarre and severe muscle contractions - including tardive dyskinesia, dystonia, and akathisia.
•Tardive dyskinesia is characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements of the face (and may involve the limbs, fingers, or torso), including blinking, lip smacking, grimacing, or tongue movements.
•Akathisia is reported as a feeling of restlessness or the need to be in constant motion and is exhausting and very distressing to patients.
•Dystonia is sustained muscle contraction leading to abnormal postures.
•Diarrhea and drooling are not associated with the administration of promethazine.