A schizophrenic patient is receiving haloperidol.  Extrapyramidal side effects are linked to haloperidol. Which of the following are extrapyramidal side effects?

Explanation

• Extrapyramidal side effects caused by haloperidol include the following:

  • Tardive dyskinesia refers to the spasmodic jerky movements of the tongue, lips, and face, though the back, extremities, and fingers may also be affected.
  • Akathisia is motor restlessness, which is a distressing symptom in which the patient feels unable to be still. It may present as tension or acute anxiety.
  • Parkinsonism is rigidity and tremor that causes the hallmark shuffling gait.
  • Dystonia is continuous muscle spasms and contractions.

• Incorrect: Echolalia is the repetition of noises or phrases heard around the patient, seen in those with autism. This is not an extrapyramidal side effect of Haldol.

• Incorrect: Verbal tics are not seen as an extrapyramidal side effect of Haldol.

• Incorrect: Seizures are not an extrapyramidal side effect of Haldol.

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