While assessing a 15-year-old girl, the nurse notes enlargement of the lymph nodes. Which of the following laboratory and diagnostic study findings will confirm Hodgkin's lymphoma?

Explanation

•Hodgkin’s disease is confirmed by biopsy of the lymph nodes with microscopic examination. Blood tests are also ordered to assess function of major organs and safety for chemotherapy.

•Lymphomas are malignancies of the lymphocytes, causing uncontrolled proliferation. Lymphomas usually present as a solid tumor on lymphiod tissue.

•Further studies include CT and PET scans of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis to assess local node involvement.

•Bone marrow biopsies are indicated in some cases, when bone marrow involvement is suspected.

•Abdominal biopsy and liver function tests are not indicated for the diagnosis of Hodgkin's lymphoma.

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