A nurse is assessing a 5-year-old with multiple deformities of the limbs and joints. She also has a thin upper lip, small teeth, and trouble learning in school. The nurse suspects that these signs are most likely the result of which of the following?

Explanation

•Physical features of FAS include deformities such as a small head and brain, sunken nasal bridge, thin upper lip, small teeth, and an upturned nose.

•FAS can also cause vision difficulties, intellectual disability, short attention span, delayed mental development, and poor impulse control.

•Down's syndrome symptoms include short stature, short wide neck, slanted eyes, low set ears, hypotonia, intellectual disability, and learning disabilities.

•Klinefelter's syndrome presents in males as less facial and body hair, reduced muslce mass and strength, broad hips, gynecomastia, and hypogonadism.

•Signs and symptoms of mercury poisoning are manifold and systemic, including peripheral neuropathy, skin discoloration (pink), swelling, shedding of the skin, tremors, visual and hearing impairment, and fatigue.