A 58-year-old Pakistani patient with colon cancer complains of severe pain. He refuses all pain medication. What should the nurse do next?

Explanation

•Pain beliefs can differ significantly between cultures. The nurse should discuss the situation with the patient and figure out his meaning of pain.

•Documentation and notifying the physician are appropriate after further assessment.

•Notifying the patient's family may be breeching the patient's confidentiality.

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